Vitamin D and fall in older adults: a narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61164/5d374t12Keywords:
Vitamin D, Bone, Muscle, Fall, Older AdultsAbstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble micronutrient that is essential for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, playing a key role in maintaining bone health and exerting effects on the musculoskeletal system. In older adults, vitamin D deficiency may contribute to reduced bone mineral density and muscle weakness, thereby increasing vulnerability to falls and fractures. This literature review aimed to synthesize and discuss the evidence on the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and the occurrence of falls in older adults, including outcomes such as injurious falls, fractures, and fall-related hospitalizations, as well as findings from observational and interventional studies, different supplementation ranges/doses, and clinical guideline recommendations. The reviewed literature indicates that insufficient 25(OH)D levels have been associated with a higher risk of fractures and falls, and that higher levels may be related to better functional performance and a lower risk of serious falls among older adults. However, clinical trials show heterogeneous results. Exercise programs appear to have a more consistent impact on strength and balance, whereas vitamin D supplementation may have variable effects depending on dose, baseline vitamin D status, adherence, and risk profile. In conclusion, vitamin D has biological plausibility and is associated with clinically relevant outcomes, but fall prevention in older adults should be multifactorial, with risk-targeted interventions and caution when interpreting the effects of supplementation.
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